A Conceptual and Clinical Review of Apastamba Marma in Ayurveda
Keywords:
Apastambha Marma, Ayurveda, Anatomy, Urogata Marma, Sira, Dhamani, Kalantara Pranahara Marma.Abstract
Ayurveda, an ancient science, offers detailed descriptions of the anatomy and physiology of the human body (Sharira) in its classical texts (Samhitas). Among these, the concepts of Marma hold special significance. Marma points are vital spots where structures like Mamsa (muscle), Sira (vessels), Snayu (connective tissue), Asthi (bone), and Sandhi (joints) converge, and where Prana (life force) resides. Out of the 107 Marma described by Acharyas, Apastambha Marma is classified under Urogata Marma (located in the chest region). According to Sushruta, Apastambha Marma is a Sira Marma and a Kalantara Pranahara Marma, whereas Vagbhata categorizes it as a Dhamani Marma. It is located bilaterally on the chest, near the 3rd costal cartilage, and is associated with the Vatavaha Sira (air-carrying channels). Injury (Viddha) to this Marma results in symptoms such as Kasa (cough), Shwasa (dyspnoea), and in severe cases, Marana (death). Anatomically, this Marma corresponds to the region of the principal bronchi and adjacent pulmonary and bronchial vessels, which aligns with the descriptions of both Sushruta and Vagbhata. This review aims to highlight the anatomical position, structural composition, and clinical significance of Apastambha Marma based on Ayurvedic texts and modern anatomical correlation.
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